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Kidney Cancer in Canada

Kidney cancer is the most frequent type of cancer that is found in the world. The kind of kidney cancer you suffer from and the stage at which you're diagnosed will determine the outlook for you.

In previous observational studies in previous studies, the rates of KCa were twice as high among Indigenous Canadians when age-standardized. There is a lack of research on the patient experience with KCa.

Background

Kidney cancer is the 10th most common cancer globally, with an estimated 6600 new diagnoses and 1900 deaths in Canada in 20171. Established risk factors include male sex, over 60 family history of kidney cancer smoking, diabetes mellitus high blood pressure and obesity2.

GBD employs data from vital registration systems, canadian pacific multiple myeloma cancer registry reports and other sources to build an ensemble model of causes of death. This model employs linear step mix-effects method to connect observed data with a number of covariates such as characteristics of the population, quality of healthcare and accessibility, and geographical and social economic context.

The model then multiplies incident cases by independently modeled mortality-to-incidence ratios to obtain age-adjusted rates for all countries. Kidney cancer is 10th most prevalent cancer type in the world. Its mortality rate is higher than the majority of major cancers. It causes more than 3.3 million DALYs lost globally in 20172.

Incidence and mortality rates are available for all 195 countries. They are categorized by gender, age and according to the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).

Previous studies have revealed that the rate of rccc in non-Indigenous Canadians is twice as high. These differences could be due to variations in risk factors or different patterns of tumor occurrence. To explore this further the study compares symptoms and outcomes of rccc in Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients in Canada using data from an international cohort.

Methods

The most frequent type of kidney cancer in Canada is renal cell carcinoma. RCC is treated with chemotherapy drugs that target the tumor cells and impede the growth or spread of cancer. Treatment options also include surgery as well as other procedures like radiofrequency ablation or cryoablation.

The outlook of an individual patient is contingent on the stage (how big the tumor is) as well as the grade. The lower the grade more favorable the outlook. The stage of cancer will determine whether it has spread beyond the kidney. This will impact the best treatment for you.

Treatment decisions are in accordance with the patient's needs and objectives, as well as their medical history, including other conditions and diseases like diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure. Patients should be encouraged and encouraged to discuss with their doctor about their treatment options, so that they can make the decision that is appropriate for them. This is known as shared decision-making and it can enhance the quality of life for patients.

This study was designed to investigate KCa patients' experiences with access to care and knowledge of their treatment options, with the goal of improving the quality of care that is patient-centered for this patient group. The questionnaire was sent to KCC members as well as Urology clinics across Canada, with the help of KCC's Medical Advisory Board, canadian pacific multiple myeloma who helped with the questionnaire's wording.

Results

The incidence of rccc was higher in the Indigenous canadian pacific chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cohort than in the non-Indigenous canadian pacific multiple myeloma population, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.36). Most patients (68%) had cT1-stage disease at the time of diagnosis. There were no indications of metastases. Renal surgery was carried out in 81 percent of Indigenous canadian pacific leukemia patients and 75 percent of non-Indigenous Canada patients and 55% of these surgeries being radical Nephrectomy.

LDHA was expressed significantly less in the biopsy samples of the Indigenous canadian pacific lung cancer cohort compared with the non-Indigenous canadian pacific pulmonary fibrosis group. This finding is in line with the eminent role of ldha as an anti-tumour suppressor gene in rccc. This could contribute to the increased incidence of rcc within the Indigenous population.

The rates of the biopsy were comparable in both cohorts. In both groups, a median interval of 2.4 months was observed between the diagnosis and the biopsy of the renal mass. The majority of the 134 kidney masses biopsied were CRC (75 percent) followed by papillary cancer (10 percent) and chromophobe RCC (9).

In 2017, kidney cancer caused 138.5 thousand deaths (95% UI : 128.7-142.5). The mortality rate for people of a certain age for kidney cancer in 2017 was 4.9 (95% U.S: 4.7-5.1). This was considerably lower compared to the global standardised age rate of 1.7 (UI: 1.6-1.8).

Conclusions

Kidney cancer is the 10th most prevalent type of cancer worldwide, with an estimated 6600 new cases and 1900 deaths in Canada in 2017. The majority of cases are renal cell carcinoma (rcc), a tumor that is formed in kidney cells. Other types include transitional cells, Wilms tumor, and renal sarcomas. Certain rare genetic diseases like Von Hippel-Lindau Disease, Sickle Cell Disease, and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex increase the chance of developing kidney cancer.

The cause of kidney cancer is unknown and is believed to be multifactorial. However, some of the identified risk factors could be modified. Indigenous Canadians have been reported to experience higher incidences of rccc as compared to non-Indigenous Canadians. There isn't much information on the differences in rccc treatment and presentation among Indigenous patients.

To identify the barriers faced by KCa patients in receiving high-quality care, KCC conducted a patient-centered survey of the quality of care for KCa patients in Canada. The results of this first-of-its-kind study conducted by patients provide important information about the quality of care offered and the unique views of KCa patients about their experiences with their healthcare providers. KCC hopes to utilize this information to improve access to healthcare for canadian pacific colon cancer patients and their outcomes. Most participants reported having excellent or good access to their healthcare providers. Participants from the Eastern region, Quebec, and those living in suburban or rural areas were less likely to have access to rcc specialists or treatment options.