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An proxy often referred to as proxy server software that functions as an intermediary between a client and server on the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, users can send a request for an item directly to a server and the server would then deliver the resource directly to the user. Though this approach is simple to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies can bring advantages in terms of improved performance and privacy, security and more. Apart from adding a layer of security proxy servers also act as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




There is a general consensus that the collection of server hardware and proxy software are also called proxy servers. But, this article will focus on the proxies that are typically categorized as software, and in the context of web servers. We will present a summary of the two main types that are forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has its own use, which can be confusing due to a similar name convention.




This article will give you an idea of what proxies are and what their subtypes are and how they work in the normal configurations. By reading this article, you'll discover how to identify the scenarios that are the best to use a proxy, and choose the best option between reverse proxy and forward proxy in any circumstance.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In the same way, a forward proxy sometimes known as an open proxy is a proxy of a user who would like to make an internet-based request to an origin server. In this scenario every request made by the client is instead routed straight via the forward proxy. This forward proxy in the instead of the user, will look into the request. First, it will determine if the user is authorized accept requests from this specific forward proxy. It will then decide if it is authorized to refuse a request or send it back to the server that originally received it. The client is unable to directly access the internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy permits its access.




The most common reason to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy allows you to connect to the internet in instead of a client and as such, it may utilize an IP address that is different from the IP address originally used by the client.




Based on the way it was set up in the past forward proxy servers are able to provide a range of options. They allow you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic area.




Forward proxies may also be utilized in systems that offer centralized security and permission based access, like in a workplace. When all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy layer, administrators can limit access to specific clients on the internet that are filtered through a common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls for the client layer which may comprise a range of computers with different user and environment the firewall could be placed into the forward proxy layer.




Note that the forward proxy setting must be manually configured for use in order to be used in reverse proxies, whereas forward proxies are able to be disregarded by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of the client is transmitted to the source server via forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or denied.




There are several options to take into consideration for forward proxies:




Apache is a well-known open-source webserver that includes forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source webserver that has forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete web server solution. Check out our step-by-step guide to set up Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy, which uses on the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP this makes it more suitable for situations like peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to look at the steps to install a Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a proxy for web servers, which handles any requests that come in from clients in its place. The web server could comprise one server or several servers. Also, it could be a server for applications such as Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request for an application comes through the internet generally. In the majority of cases the request will be directly sent to the web server along with the data the user is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, works as an intermediary, shielding Web server from any direct interaction with the internet's public.




From a consumer's point of view that is from a user's perspective, working using a reverse proxy is no any different from working with an internet server direct. It's the same, but the user is unable to be able to discern the difference. The client requests a resource and then receives it without any further configuration required on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies offer features like:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules you can design.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this benefit only to the server layer, and not the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls for the web server layer, which could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be targeted at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility to interact with a firewall as well as dealing with requests from clients without the need for web servers enables them to concentrate on serving the requirements of their clients.




When there is a multitude of servers being hosted with a reverse-proxy the reverse proxy is also responsible for directing which requests go to which server. There may be several web servers offering similar content offering different kinds of content or a mixture of both. These servers may be running the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server but they can include different protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy servers to redirect the clients towards specific servers based on the requested resource or to comply with specific rules pertaining to traffic load.




Reverse proxies also can make use of their position prior to web servers by providing the ability to cache. The large static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent hitting web servers with every request. There are solutions that permit users to serve static files directly without connecting to a web server even once. Additionally, the reverse proxy can manage compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as an extremely popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy service, the Apache web server is also able to function with a reverse proxy feature, it is an additional attribute of Apache whereas Nginx was designed initially for and focuses on its reverse proxy feature.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels can be confusing as both types of proxies handle responses and requests. The best way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy is to study the requirements of the application you're building.




Reverse proxy is helpful when building a web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web server when you interact on the web.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when placed before clients to use for personal reasons or in the corporate setting. They represent your customers whenever you use the internet.




The use of case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the commonly used naming conventions can help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the meaning of a proxy with the two types that are forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial features were used to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested to learn more about how to set up proxies you can check out our guide on how to configure Nginx as a reverse and web server proxy with Apache in Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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