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proxy, also known as a proxy or proxy server is a server software that acts acting as an intermediary between client and server via the internet. Without an intermediary, a user would send a request for an item direct to a server and servers would serve the requested resource directly back to the client. Although this approach is simple to grasp and use, adding proxies offers advantages such as increased security, performance, privacy and more. As a pass-through layer proxy acts as a gatekeeper of the internet between clients and servers.




In general generally speaking, the bundle of server hardware that includes proxy software is described as proxy servers. However, this article will concentrate on proxy servers that are usually referred to as software, and ones that work to complement web servers. We will present a summary of the two primary kinds that are available, which is forward and reverse proxy. forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own usage scenario, which can be misinterpreted due to the identical terms.




This article will provide you with an understanding of different types of proxy services and the subtypes are, as as how they are useful for the most common configurations. In this article, you will be able to identify the situations in which you can benefit from a proxy, and determine the most appropriate choice between reverse and forward proxy in any given situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy sometimes referred to as an open proxy is an agent for a user who wishes to make a request via the internet to the server that originated the request. In this situation, it's the situation that all requests made by the client would rather be sent direct towards the forward proxy. The forward proxy, in the instead of the user will review the request. It will decide whether this client is able to handle requests via this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or redirect it to the server that originated it. The client doesn't have a direct connection to the internet It can only access what the forward proxy allows to access.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to gain greater privacy or security online. A forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of clients. In the process, it will use an IP address that is different from the IP address that was originally that the client uses.




Based on the way it was configured in accordance with the way it was configured forward proxy can offer you a range of functions as well as the ability to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine restrictions based upon your geographic location.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security as well as access based on permissions, such as in a workplace. If all traffic on the internet is routed through an open forward proxy layer an administrator can restrict access to certain users to the internet. This is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer, which can comprise a range of computers that have different users and environments, a firewall could be placed in the intermediate layer.




It is important to remember that forward proxy servers have to be manually set up before they are able to be used for use in a reverse proxy, whereas forward proxy's are able to be detected by the user. Based on the fact that your IP address the user is sent to the server that originated it through the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or made transparent.




There are several possibilities to consider for forward proxies




Apache A well-known, open-source web server offering forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy capability.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not a complete web-based server. Check out our tutorial on how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP to allow it to be more suited to use scenarios such as peer-to -peer traffic. You may also want to look at how you can set up Dante proxy to allow private connections using Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is an intermediary for the web server which takes care of any requests that come in from clients on behalf. The web server could represent one or more servers. In addition, it could serve as an application server such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request is made by a user of the internet in general. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the web server that hosts the data the user is looking for. In contrast, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that helps to protect Web server from any direct contact with the open internet.




From the point of view of the user's viewpoint, interfacing using reverse proxy is anything different than working with a Web server in direct communication. It is functionally identical to the web server and the user is unable to tell the difference. Clients can make a request for the resource and it is then provided with the resource without any additional configuration on the part of the client.




Reverse proxies grant certain features, such as:




Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.


The direction of traffic coming in according to rules you have set.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While central security is a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse-proxies apply this function to only the layer of web servers, and not to the client layer. In lieu of the maintenance of firewalls at the web server layer which may contain multiple servers with different configurations the majority of the firewall security is aimed on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, the elimination of the obligation to interface with a firewall and responding to requests from clients via web servers allows them to focus solely on meeting the requirements of their clients.




If there are multiple servers running through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy may also be accountable for the direction in which requests are directed through which server. There could be multiple web servers serving similar resources however each one offering a different type of services or a mixture of the two. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol to operate as a standard internet server, however they could also include protocols used by applications like FastCGI. You can configure reverse proxy servers to direct visitors to a specific server based on the type of resource they're searching for, or to follow certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to make use of their positioning before web servers by delivering the capacity of caching. Large static assets can be able to be configured using caching rules that prevent them from the web server from being hit on every request. There are solutions offering the possibility of providing static files in a direct manner without connecting directly to the website server. In addition, reverse proxy will manage the compressing these assets.




The renowned Nginx website server also an extremely popular reverse proxy option. While Apache can also be regarded as a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server is equipped with a reverse proxy feature, which is an additional option of Apache but Nginx was initially designed and focused on the reverse proxy feature.



The distinction between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" as well as "reverse" have connotations of directionality, they also create misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. They can be confusing as both types of proxies can manage requests and responses. The best method to differentiate between the forward and reverse proxies would be to look at the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy can be helpful when building an application that connects web applications to the internet. They function as servers when you interact using the internet.




Forward proxy is useful when it is placed before the user for personal use or in a work setting. They are your client's proxy every time you connect to the internet.




Differentiating by case of use instead of focusing on the same names will ensure that you aren't confused.



Conclusion



This article clarified what a proxy is along with two types, namely the forward proxy as well as the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of the benefits were utilized to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're looking to learn more about the implementation of proxy servers, then you must check out our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an internet service and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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