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It's an proxy or proxy server. It's an application that functions to act as an intermediary for a client and server on the internet. In the absence of a proxy server, a user could make a request for an entity directly through a server, and the server would provide the requested resource directly to the client. While this is a simple method to understand and implement with proxies, it can bring advantages in terms more performance and privacy, security and many more. A pass-through layer in addition to proxy, it acts as an extra security layer on the internet between clients and servers.




It is generally accepted that the collection of server hardware and installed proxy software is frequently referred to as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically described as software and also when referring to web servers. This article will give an in-depth description of the two primary types: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage case, but they're often confused due to the same name-based convention.




This article will provide information on what proxies are and the subtypes of them, and how they work in the common configurations. In this article you will be able identify scenarios where you could gain from using a proxy and decide on the most appropriate solution between forward proxy and reverse proxy for any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also referred to as the open proxy is an agent for a user who would like to send a request through the internet to a source server. In this situation, it's the case that all requests made by the client would rather be handled by an forward proxy. A forward proxy, acting in place of the client will scrutinize the request. The first step is to decide if the client is permitted to send requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either deny requests or redirect it back to the original server. The client does not have direct access to the internet. It only has access to the internet that forward proxy permits for it to reach.




The most frequent reasons for forward proxy is to gain increased privacy or anonymity on internet. A forward proxy uses the internet as the client. In this manner, it may utilize an alternate IP address to the client's original IP address.




Based on the way it has been set up depending on how it is configured, forward proxy may provide you with a range of options. It will allow you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geographical location.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide central security and access through authorizations, for instance at work. When all internet traffic goes through a forward proxy, an administrator could allow only a handful of clients access to the internet that is blocked by a standard firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer that could include multiple computers with different configurations and users the firewall can be placed on the layer that forwards proxy-related traffic.




Take note that forward proxies require manual setup for use while reverse proxies could go unnoticed by the client. Depending on the kind of IP address that a customer is relayed to the server from which it originated through the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted, or left unnoticed.




There are a myriad of options to consider for forward proxy options




Apache An open source, well-known web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx is another well-known open source web server with the ability to forward-proxy.


Squid is a free forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't provide the complete web server service. We recommend that you follow our step-bystep guide for setting up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP which makes it more suitable for applications such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to learn how to set up a Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as a representative of web servers, which handles the incoming requests of clients for. The web server could include a server, or multiple servers. Additionally, it can serve in the role of an application server, such as Gunicorn. In either scenario the request is received via the web at large. Most of the time the request will be sent directly to the server along with the information the client needs of. A reverse proxy acts as an intermediary and isolates it from any directly interacting with the open internet.




From the perspective of a user, interacting with reverse proxy is not any different from interacting with the Web server direct. It's exactly the same, and the client cannot discern the distinction. The client makes a request for this resource and receives it, with no extra configuration required by the client.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The web server is protected centrally.


Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with rules you determine.


Additional features for caching.




Central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy services, reverse proxies give this benefit only to Web server layers, but not to the layer of clients. instead of maintaining firewalls on the web server layer, which could contain multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security is concentrated on the layer of reverse proxy. In addition to removing the burden of interacting with firewalls and coordinating requests from clients that are not connected to web servers allows them to concentrate on delivering resources.




In the case of multiple servers existing behind a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy is also responsible for controlling which requests go through which server. Multiple web servers could be providing the exact same resource, supplying various kinds of resources or a combination of the two. They can utilize the HTTP protocol in the same way as traditional web servers but also include application server protocols such as FastCGI. There is the possibility to create a reverse proxy to direct clients to specific servers in accordance with the resource requested, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also profit from their positioning prior to web servers, providing caching functionality. The large static file can be set up using caching rules to prevent having to contact web servers every time you request, with some solutions offering an option to serve static assets directly without touching the web server at all times. Additionally, reverse proxy is able to handle the compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server also functions as an extremely popular reverse proxy service. Although Apache can also be a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server is also equipped with an reverse proxy, which adds a feature to Apache however Nginx was initially developed for and focused on the reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with an impression of directionality and can lead to misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic These labels could be confusing because both types of proxy handle requests and responses. A better approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool to develop an option to provide web-based services via the internet. They are your web servers every time you use the internet.




Forward proxy applications are beneficial for displaying clients for personal use, and even in a business environment. They act as your client's proxy for all interactions via the internet.




The practice of segregating by use case rather than focussing on the common naming conventions can make it simpler to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is along with the two types, specifically, the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the beneficial features were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the possibilities of proxies, then read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy within Apache running the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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