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The word "proxy" is a reference to the term "proxy" which refers to proxy or proxy server, a software which serves to act as an intermediary for a client and server on the internet. Without the use of proxy servers, users could send a request for resources directly to a server, while the server will return the resource directly back to the user. This method is simple to grasp and use but adding proxies offers advantages like improved performance and privacy, security and much more. As a further layer of pass-through, the proxy acts as a security layer for the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking, the bundled combination of hardware and software for servers with the installed proxy software is also often referred too as a proxy server. This article will focus on proxies typically considered as software, and specifically with regard to web servers. The article will offer an explanation of two types, namely one being a forward proxy and the other a reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a distinct application, and is often confused because of the similar terminology.




This article will provide you with the information on the types of proxy and what their subtypes are and how they work in a variety of configurations. Through this article, you'll learn to identify situations in which the use of proxies is advantageous, and decide on the right choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy also referred to an open proxy, acts as an intermediary for clients trying to send a request over the internet to a source server. In this case, the entire process of sending requests by the user will instead be made via the forward proxy. Forward proxy that acts in place as the customer, is able to look at the request. In the beginning, it will decide if this client is able to accept requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then reject requests or redirect them to the origin server. The client isn't capable of having direct access to the internet. It can access only what the forward proxy permits for it access to.




One of the most frequent uses for forward proxy services is to obtain more privacy or security when using the internet. Forward proxy is able to access the internet as the client and, in doing so, it may use an alternative IP address to that of the initial IP address of the client.




Based on how it's been configured in accordance with the way it was configured, a forward proxy could offer a range of features and permit you to:




Beware of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your geolocation.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems of centralized security as well as permission-based access, such as at a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through a forward proxy open layer administrators are able to grant access only to a select group of people to connect on the internet, and this is blocked by a common firewall. Instead of creating firewalls on the layer of clients, which can be used by several computers that have different configurations, settings, firewalls could be added to this layer to forward proxy data.




It is crucial to keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be manually configured for use and reverse proxies could not be noticed by the user. Based on the type of IP address a client is sent to the server from where it originated through the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or denied.




There are many possibilities to look into for forward proxy:




Apache A well-known, open-source web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy features.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy using the HTTP protocol. It's not the complete Web Server System. It is possible to refer to our step-by-step guide on how to install Squid proxy to enable private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this is better suited for usage in situations like peer-topeer traffic. It is also possible to look into how to configure an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary between a web server, handling any requests that come in from customers on its behalf. This server can function as a one server, or as a series of servers. It could also be used for application servers, such as Gunicorn. In any case, a request would come through the internet in general. Most often, the request will go directly to the web server with what the client is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary securing the web server from direct contact via the web's public.




From a user's point of perception, the experience with reverse proxy isn't a lot different than working with the server by itself. It's exactly the same but the client can't tell the distinction. The client can make a request for the resource and it receive it, with no further configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxy providers offer features such as:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Incoming traffic is directed by rules you have set.


The caching function is now available to users.




While central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy services, reverse proxy providers this service at the layer of web servers, but not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls at Web server layers, which could contain multiple servers with different configurations, most of the firewall security could be concentrated at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility of working with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients that are not on web servers permits them to focus on delivering the needs of their customers.




If there are multiple servers running in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also manages the flow of requests to each server. There could be multiple web servers providing the exact same service, each offering different types of resource or a combination of both. They could use the HTTP protocol as a conventional web server. But, they may also be using application server protocols like FastCGI. You can configure a reverse proxy to direct users to a specific server based on the service they require, or to follow specific guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to benefit from their position before web servers, by offering the capability to store data. Large static assets can be managed by caching rules so that they do not prevent websites from being hit every time a request is made. Some solutions allowing you to upload static files directly, without connecting to the web server in any way. Additionally the reverse proxy may manage the compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server can also be an effective reverse proxy service. While you can use the Apache web server with reverse proxy features, it is an additional option for Apache while Nginx was originally designed for and is specifically focused on reverse proxy features.



Differentiating the use of reverse and forward proxy Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" have associations with directionality, as well as false connections with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, the labels could be confusing as both types of proxies are able to handle both requests and responses. An alternative method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies is to examine the requirements of the app you're developing.




Reverse proxy could be helpful when creating an infrastructure to support web applications on the internet. They are your web servers for all interactions on the internet.




Forward proxy is useful when it is displayed in front of customers for personal use, or in a corporate environment. It is a way to protect the information of your client whenever you interact on the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of case instead of focusing on the common names can aid you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the purpose of a proxy with two kinds: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical use cases as well as an examination of the most useful attributes were used to identify the two kinds of proxy which are reverse and forward. If you're interested to learn more about the possibilities of proxies, we recommend you read our tutorial on how to install Nginx as an internet server as well as reverse proxy in Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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