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proxy, also referred to as a proxy or proxy server a server software that sits acting as an intermediary between client and server via the internet. Without an intermediary, a user would make a request for an item straight to the server and servers would then serve the requested resource directly back to the user. Although this method is easy to grasp and implement, adding proxies provides benefits like improved performance, privacy, security and more. A proxy that is a pass-through layer acts as a gatekeeper of the internet between servers and clients.




Generally speaking it is the bundled set of server hardware and proxy software is referred too as a proxy server. But, this article will concentrate on proxy servers that are generally referred to as software, and those used in conjunction with web servers. We will present a summary of the two main types of proxy servers, which are forward and reverse proxy. forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own unique usage scenario, which is often misunderstood because of the similar terminology.




This article will give you an understanding of different types of proxy services and the subtypes are, as as how they are useful in the typical configurations. In this article, you will be able to recognize the scenarios where you could benefit from a proxy and decide on the best alternative between reverse and forward proxy options in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy, often known as the open proxy is an agent used by the user who wants to send a request through the internet to the server that originated the request. In this case, it's the situation that all requests made by the client would rather be routed straight towards the forward proxy. This forward proxy acting in position of the customer will examine the request. It will decide whether this client is able to handle requests via this particular forward proxy. It then decides whether to reject requests or redirect it to the source server. The client doesn't have a an internet connection directly but it is able to access what the forward proxy gives the client access.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxy servers is to gain greater privacy or anonymity online. Forward proxy allows you to connect to the internet in place of clients, and in the process, it'll use an IP address that is different from the original IP address that the client uses.




Based on the way it was configured in accordance with the way it was configured forward proxy can offer you a range of functions as well as the ability to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can identify restrictions based upon your geographic area.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems to provide central security and access to users based on their permissions, for instance at a workplace. In the event that all internet traffic is routed by an open forward proxy, an administrator is able to restrict access to certain individuals to access the web. This is filtered by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed on the client layer that may comprise several machines that have different user and environment A firewall can be placed in the front proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxies need to be set up manually before they can be used for use in a reverse proxy, whereas forward proxies are able to not be seen by users. Based on the fact that an IP address for the user is transmitted to the server that originated it by the forward proxy Privacy and anonymity could be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many alternatives to think about for forward proxies:




Apache An open-source, well-known web server offering forward proxy functionality.


Nginx is another well-known open-source server for hosting websites with forward proxy capability.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not an entire web server service. Check out our guide on how you can configure Squid proxy for private connection on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it more suitable for use scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. It is also possible to know how to set up Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is an intermediary for a web server that handles the incoming requests of clients on its behalf. The web server can be one or more servers. In addition, it could be an application server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request comes by a user who is on the internet in general. In most cases the request will go directly to the website server that hosts the data the client is seeking. In contrast reverse proxy serves as an intermediary that helps to protect Web servers from direct contact with the internet's open.




From the point of view of the user's view, working with reverse proxy is not anything different than working with a Web server in direct contact. It functions similar to the web server, and the client cannot tell the distinction. The client can request the resource, and is then provided with the resource without any additional configuration needed on the part of the user.




Reverse proxies grant the following features:




Centrally secured for Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic that is incoming by implementing rules that you establish.


Added functionality for caching.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse-proxies apply this for only the layer of web servers not the client layer. Instead of focusing on the maintenance of firewalls in the layer of web servers, which can contain several servers that are configured differently The majority of firewall security is focused on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, the elimination of the obligation to interface with a firewall and connecting with requests from customers via web servers allows them to focus solely on delivering the needs of their customers.




In the event of multiple servers operating through reverse proxy, the reverse proxy can also be accountable for the direction of which requests are routed through which server. There may be several web servers that are serving the same resource, however each of them offering a different kind of resources or a combination of the two. These servers can be using their own HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, but they can include applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to redirect visitors to specific servers based on the kind of resource they're looking for, or to adhere to certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to utilize their position prior to web servers through the capacity of caching. Large static assets can be capable of being configured with caching rules that prevent them from hitting web servers on every request. There are solutions offering an option to provide static files directly without connecting with the server on any manner. In addition, reverse proxy can manage compressing these assets.




The renowned Nginx website server a very popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache has a reverse proxy solution it is not the only one. Apache web server also comes equipped with reverse proxy feature, which is a distinct option in Apache but Nginx was initially designed and focused on the reverse proxy feature.



The distinction between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with directionality, they also create misleading comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. They could be confusing since both types of proxy can manage requests and responses. Better yet, the best method to differentiate between the forward and reverse proxies would be to look at the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy could be helpful when building a solution to deliver web-based applications to the internet. They function as servers when you interact using the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are placed before the client for your personal use, or even in a working environment. They serve as the proxy for your client every time you connect to the internet.




Differentiating by case of use in lieu of looking at the same naming conventions will ensure that you aren't confused.



Conclusion



This article explains what a proxy is along with two types, namely the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of beneficial features were used to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxy services, be sure to read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as web service and reverse proxy within Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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