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proxy, also known as proxy, also known as proxy or proxy server a server software that sits as a mediator between a client and server via the internet. Without an intermediary, users would make a request for an item directly to a server and servers would then serve the resource directly back to the user. While this is a simple method to understand and use, adding proxies offers benefits such as improved performance, privacy, security and many more. A pass-through layer proxy is a gatekeeper for the internet between servers and clients.




In general generally speaking, the bundle of server hardware that includes proxy software is also often referred too as a proxy server. But, this article will concentrate on proxy servers which are typically understood as software, as well as those used together with web servers. We will provide a brief overview of the two primary kinds that are available, which is forward and reverse proxy. forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each type has its own unique use case, and is often misunderstood because of the similar terminology.




This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxy services and their subtypes are as well being able to explain how they can be useful in the typical configurations. Through this article, you will be able to identify the situations where you can benefit from a proxy and decide on the best option in between reverse and forward proxy options in any given scenario.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy often called the open proxy is an agent of users who want to make a request via the internet to the server which originated it. In this situation, it's the case that all requests made by the client would rather be routed straight towards the forward proxy. This forward proxy acting in place of the client will look over the request. It will decide whether this client can accept requests from this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either decide whether to reject requests or redirect them to the source server. The client does not have direct connection to the internet; it can only access the information that the forward proxy gives to access.




The most common reason to use forward proxies is to improve security or privacy on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet on behalf of clients. In the process, it'll use a different IP address than the IP address originally that the client uses.




Based on the way it has been configured according to the way it was initially configured forward proxy can offer you a range of functions as well as the ability to:




Avoid tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographical location.




Forward proxies are also employed in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, like in a workplace. If all internet traffic is routed by an open forward proxy an administrator is able to restrict access to certain people to connect on the internet. This is then filtered by a typical firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer, which may comprise several machines that have different user and environments, a firewall could be set up at an intermediate layer.




It is important to remember that forward proxy servers have to be manually setup before they can be used for use in a reverse proxy, whereas forward proxies are able to not be detected by the user. Depending on whether your IP address the user is sent to the server that originated it by the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are several options to take into consideration when it comes to forward proxy options:




Apache An open source, well-known web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx: Another well-known open source server for web hosting with forward proxy capability.


Squid: An open-source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It's not an entire Web server. Take a look at our guide on how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP to ensure it is more suitable for use scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. You might also want to look at how you can set up Dante proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy functions as an agent for a web server that handles any requests that come in from clients on its behalf. The web server could represent one server or several servers. Additionally, it can serve as an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request is made by a user who is on the internet in general. In most cases the request will be sent directly to the server that hosts the information the user is looking for. In contrast, a reverse proxy functions as an intermediary that helps to protect Web servers from direct interactions with the internet's open.




From the perspective of a user that is a user's view, working via reverse proxy is the same as working with Web server directly. It works the same as the web server and the client is unable discern the difference. The client can make a request for the resource and it receive the resource without any additional configuration on the part of the user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features such as:




Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic that is incoming based on rules you set.


Added functionality for caching.




Although centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this for only the layer of web servers and not the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls at the web server layer which may contain multiple servers that are configured differently, most of firewall security is focused at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, the elimination of the obligation to interface with a firewall and communicating with requests from clients from web servers enables them to focus solely on delivering the needs of their customers.




If there are more than one servers operating through a reverse proxy the reverse proxy may also be responsible for directing the requests that are directed to which server. There could be multiple web servers hosting identical resources, however each of them offering a different kind of resources or a combination of the two. These servers may be running their own HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server, however they could also include protocols used by applications like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy in order to direct visitors to a specific server based on the type of resource they are looking for, or follow specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to benefit from their positioning before web servers, by providing the capacity of caching. Large static assets can be able to be configured using caching rules that prevent them from hitting web servers on every request. There are solutions that provide an option to provide static files in a direct manner without connecting directly to the website server. In addition, reverse proxy can manage compressing these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server is also an extremely popular reverse proxy option. While Apache is also a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server is equipped with reverse proxy features, it is an additional characteristic of Apache however Nginx was originally designed and focused on the reverse proxy feature.



The difference between Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Because "forward" or "reverse" are associated with directionality, they also create false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. They can cause confusion since both types of proxy can handle requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between the forward and reverse proxies would be to examine the requirements of the application you're building.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial when creating an approach to connect web-based applications on the internet. They function as servers when you are on the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when it is put before the client for personal use or in a workplace setting. They serve as the proxy for your client every time you connect to the internet.




The ability to differentiate by the use of instead of focusing on similar naming conventions will make sure that you don't get confused.



Conclusion



This article clarified what a proxy is along with two types, namely the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of beneficial features were used to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about the implementation of proxies, you should read our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as web server as well as reverse proxy within Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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