Why Nobody Cares About Canadian National Railway Mds > 자유게시판

Esophageal Cancer

Esophageal Cancer is a fatal cancer with one of lowest rates of survival among cancers. The incidence rates vary based on the morphology of the tumor, and the anatomical site.

In Canada, EAC rates have increased by more than 20 percent in the past 20 years. This may be due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and canadian national railway chronic obstructive pulmonary disease gastroesophageal reflux disease. In contrast, ESCC rates declined during this period.

Background

The esophageal cancer adenocarcinoma has among the lowest survival rate of any malignancy common in the Western world. The prevalence rates of EAC have increased by two-fold in Canada and those of squamous-cell carcinoma of the esophagus (ESCC) have declined due to the increasing prevalence of obesity and gastroesophageal resuscitation disease.

The prognosis of esophageal carcinoma is not good, however five-year survival rates have increased over the past two decades. This may reflect the improved capability to recognize and treat a rapidly growing tumor and the availability of more advanced treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and the improvement in patient selection and treatment planning.

The incidence rates and canadian national railway black lung disease trends of EAC and ESCC vary based on tumour morphology and canadian National railway laryngeal cancer the location of the anatomical. In Canada, the incidence rates of ESCC declined while those of EAC doubled between 1986-2006. Projected incidence rates indicate that the incidence rates of EAC will continue to increase and those of ESCC will decrease, canadian National railway esophageal cancer with a wide range of individual provinces having both increases and decreases.

A variety of factors affect the prognosis and treatment of esophageal carcinoma depending on its grade (how much the cells appear like normal tissue) and whether it is located in the lower, middle or upper esophagus. A pathologist determines the severity of a cancer by examining the cells under a microscope.

Methods

Adenocarcinoma, and squamous-cell carcinoma are two of the most common subtypes of esophageal cancers. While incidence rates in Canada remain relatively low (compared to those in the United States, Australia, New Zealand and northern Europe) but they have risen over the past 20 years. Incidence trends vary by the morphology of the tumour and canadian National railway esophageal cancer its anatomic location with rates of EAC doubled and those of ESCC declining from 1986 to 2006.

The five-year survival rates for esophageal cancer are low and decrease with age. Approximately 15% of those diagnosed are under the age of 45 with men three to four times more likely to be diagnosed.

A pathologist inspects cancerous cells under a microscopy to determine the grade which is according to how different they look from normal cells. The higher the grade the more likely the cancer will develop and spread. The grading process is used to assist your health care team determine which treatment is the best for you. The grade of the tumour also helps your health team plan follow-up treatment. The majority of patients who have a tumour of a lower grade are monitored less often than those who have a high grade tumor.

Results

Esophageal cancer patients have among the lowest survival rates of all cancers. In Canada, five-year relative survival was 13% in 2006, compared to 18% for the general population (Table 1). Survival rates decrease as you age and sex at diagnosis but remain stable within the upper and middle sections of the esophagus. Table 2 shows that squamous cell cancers of the esophagus has decreased for both women and men since the early 1990s. Alcohol and smoking raise the risk of developing cancer for ESCC with a 90% of all cases. This decline may be due to lower smoking rates and canadian National railway multiple myeloma the occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (45).

In Canada the prevalence of adenocarcinoma of the lower esophagus and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has contrasting trends. EAC rates have increased and ESCC rates have decreased from 1986 to. The observed changes up to 2026 were projected using the standard cancer projection model, Nordpred (23) and were further categorized based on tumor morphology, and anatomical locations. Projections showed an increase of 40 to 50 percent for esophageal cancer and decreases of 30 to 50 percent for squamous-cell carcinomas in the upper, middle and lower esophagus sections. This increase in EAC incidence is likely due to increased rates of obesity and gastroesophageal respiratory disease, while decreases in ESCC are probably due to the decrease in smoking.

Conclusions

The five-year survival rate for esophageal cancer is still low, but it has improved since the 1990s. This is due to the more precise diagnosis of esophageal tumors using ultrasonography of the esophageal region and preresection staging that is performed using thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, with biopsy of the celiac axis, or a lesser curvature. The majority of the increase is limited to those between 45 and 70. In this group the prevalence rate of EAC has doubled. ESCC on the other side, has declined in both men and woman.

The rise in EAC may reflect the increasing prevalence of obesity and gastroesophageal disease, while a decrease in ESCC could be due to decreasing rates of smoking. Due to the low survival rates of esophageal carcinoma it is imperative to make efforts to reduce risk factors and encourage better treatment strategies.

All stages 0 or 1 esophageal tumors, as well as most stage 3 cancers that have not spread to spine, aorta or the trachea are resectable. However, most patients with advanced cancer that has advanced to these vital structures as well as to distant organs and lymph nodes are not candidates for surgery. For those with advanced cancer chemotherapy, whether with or without radiation therapy is suggested. Stage 4 canadian national railway esophageal cancer cancers may not be suitable for surgery treatment however, they are treatable with medications that hinder cell growth or prevent cancer cells from spreading.