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A proxy, also known as a proxy, also known as a proxy server often referred to as the proxy server, is software which acts as a mediator between a client and server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients will send a request directly to the server and it would serve that resource to its user directly. While this procedure is easy to understand and implement using proxies, it can offer benefits in terms of increased performance, privacy, security, and many more. As an additional layer of pass-through proxy, it acts as a guardian for the internet, separating servers and users.




The general set of server hardware with installed proxy software is generally referred to as proxy servers. In this post, we'll focus on proxy servers that are typically classified as software and also in the context of web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two main types of proxy servers: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Each type has a different usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to a similar the namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of the types of proxy services and what their subtypes are as well as their value in standard setups. Through this post, you'll know how to recognize the situations where a reliable proxy can be beneficial and pick the right solution in between reverse and forward proxy based on the situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



A forward proxy also called an open proxy, also known as an open acts as an intermediary between the client who is trying to transmit a request over the internet to a source server. In this scenario, every attempt to send requests made by the user will be routed directly to the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in the client's stead, will review the request. First, it will determine whether the client is permitted access to requests made by this specific forward proxy. It will then deny any request or forward it to the original server. The client is not able to have connection to any internet. It is able to access only the information that forward proxy grants it access to.




A very common reasons for forward proxy is to increase privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy utilizes the internet as the client, and in that process, it uses an alternative IP address for the original IP address of the client.




Based on how it has been configured depending on the way it's configured, forward proxy may offer different features depending on how it is configured and allows you to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


You will be able to identify any restrictions based upon your geographical place of residence.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that offer central security and access based on permissions, such as in an office. Internet traffic can go via an open forward proxy, administrators can limit access to specific clients to the internet that is protected by a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls for the client layer that could include multiple machines with different configurations and users there is the option to have an firewall that is located in the front proxy layer.




Take note the forward proxy setting need to be manually configured for use, but reverse proxies are likely to be not considered in the eyes of the user. Based on the fact that the IP address of the user is sent to the server where it originated via the forward proxy privacy and anonymity can be granted or kept secret.




There are a myriad of options to consider for forward proxy options:




Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy functions.


Nginx: Another popular open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It's not the entire web server. Check out our tutorial on how to install Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is an forward proxy which utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better to handle peer-to-peer traffic. You may also want to know how to set up Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is the web server which handles the incoming requests of customers on its behalf. The web server can represent a single or a number of servers. It could also be an application server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations an application request is made by a user on the internet. The majority of the time the request will be directed directly to the server with the resources the client is requesting. However, a reverse proxy serves as an intermediary that isolates your server from interaction with the open internet.




From the point of view of the individual client's perspective, the process of using reverse proxy isn't different from connecting to a Web server through direct contact. It's the same thing, and the client cannot tell the distinction. Client requests the resource, which is then followed by the receipt without the need for any additional configuration needed for the end user.




Reverse proxies provide functions like:




A centralized layer of security to guard the server.


The direction of traffic coming in is based upon rules that you can decide to define.


New caching functionality has been added.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxy adds this for only the server layer but not to the client layer. Instead of focusing on maintenance of firewalls at the layer of web servers which may contain many servers and various configurations, most of the firewall security is aimed on the reverse proxy level. Also, the removal of the responsibility of communicating with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients far from web servers permits them to concentrate on delivering the needs of their customers.




In the event of multiple servers running through reverse proxy reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests are routed to which servers. There may be several web servers offering identical content, but offering different kinds of services or a combination of both. These servers may be using the HTTP protocol that is a standard web server, but can include other protocols used by application servers, such as FastCGI. You can also set up a reverse proxy to direct users to a particular server based on the requested resource, or to follow certain guidelines regarding the load of traffic.




Reverse proxies may benefit from their position over web servers, as they have the ability to store information. Massive static resources can be configured with caching policies to avoid hitting web servers with each request. Certain applications allow users to directly serve static assets without connecting to the web server in any way. In addition reverse proxy solutions can help compress these assets.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as a well-known reverse proxy service. Although there is an equivalent feature available within the Apache web server does have reverse proxy capabilities as an added feature available to Apache however Nginx was initially designed to and is specifically designed for reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward and Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Because "forward" in addition to "reverse" have connotations of directionality, and false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing as both kinds of proxy servers process requests and responses. Better yet, the best method of separating between a forward and reverse proxy is to study the requirements of the app that you're building.




Reverse proxy is useful when designing a solution to serve applications that are online. They are your servers when you use the internet.




Forward proxy can be useful when placed in front of customers to facilitate your own usage or even in a work environment. They are a representation of your customer's traffic through any interaction via the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on standard naming conventions could help in avoidance of confusion.



Conclusion



The article clarified the meaning of aproxy is, and compared it to the two most common kinds that are forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a discussion of the benefits were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about how proxies are implemented You can read our tutorial on how you can set up Nginx as reverse and webserver proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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