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An proxy is also known as a proxy server is software acting as an intermediary a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client will send a request to resources directly to a server and it would serve the resource directly towards the customer. This method is simple to grasp and implement but the addition of proxy servers could bring benefits such as increased efficiency, privacy, security, and many more. In addition to providing pass-through the proxy functions as a guardian to the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the combined system of server hardware coupled with installed proxy software is frequently described as proxy servers. This article will focus on proxies typically described as software and in the context of web servers. We will discuss of the two main types of proxies, one being a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own purpose and is often confused due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will provide you with an understanding of different subtypes and proxies in terms of their benefits for setups that are common. If you read this article, you'll be able understand the situations when using proxies can be advantageous and choose the best choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy, based on the circumstances.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also referred to by the name of open proxy. An open proxy is the agent of a customer who wants to make an internet-based request to the server that originated it. In this scenario every attempt to send requests from the client will instead be directed through the forward proxy. Forward proxy in lieu of the client will examine the request. It will first verify if the client is authorized to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then deny any request or forward it to the origin server. The client does not have direct access to the internet and can only access what forward proxy permits it to access.




The most common reason to utilize forward proxies is the increased privacy or anonymity online. A forward proxy accesses the internet as clients, and, in this manner, it could make use of an IP address distinct from the original IP address of the user.




Depending on how it's been configured the forward proxy will give you a range of options as well as the ability to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on your area.




Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide centralized security as well as access to users based on permissions, for instance at work. If all internet traffic passes through a forward proxy and administrators are capable of allowing only certain clients to access the internet via a common firewall. Instead of having firewalls installed for the client layer, which could include multiple machines that have different settings and environment A firewall could be placed in a forward proxy layer.




It is essential to note that forward proxy settings have to be set up manually to permit the use of these proxy servers in order to be used, while reverse proxy servers are unable to be detected by users. Based on whether or not your IP address a user is passed on to the server that originated it via forward proxy, the privacy and security settings, it can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many options to consider for forward proxy options:




Apache A well-known open source web server with forward proxy capabilities.


Nginx A renowned open-source server for web hosting with forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: A no-cost forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It's not the full web server system. It is possible to refer to our article on the best method of configuring Squid proxy to handle private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward proxy that makes use of the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and HTTP, which makes it more suited to cases like peer-to -peer traffic. You can also check out how to set up Dante proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy functions as an intermediary between web servers, and is able to handle requests from customers on behalf of. The web server may serve as a single server or as a series of servers. In addition, it could function as an app server such as Gunicorn. In any case an application request comes through the internet. Most of the time, the request will be sent directly to the server that hosts the information that the user is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, serves as a middleman to protect your website server from communication to the open internet.




From a consumer's point view, interacting with reverse proxy doesn't differ from connecting to your webserver directly. It is functionally the same but the client can't discern the difference. The client requests an item and gets it without requiring any additional configuration for the end user.




Reverse proxy providers provide features like:




The server for the web is secure centrally.


Directing traffic according to rules you set.


The caching functionality was added to the application.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxy applications apply this only for just the Web server layer, but not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls for Web server layers, which could include multiple servers with different configurations, the majority in firewall protection is aimed at the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interacting with firewalls and responding to requests from clients off of web servers allows them to focus on serving resources.




If there are multiple servers with a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy is also accountable for deciding what requests are routed to which server. There could be multiple web servers operating on the same server, each offering different kinds of resources or a mix of both. They could be using the HTTP protocol similar to a conventional web server. They could also incorporate applications server protocols such as FastCGI. You can also configure a reverse proxy to route clients to specific servers in accordance with the service they require, or to observe certain rules regarding traffic load.




Reverse proxies are also able to take advantage of their placement on top of web servers by making use of caching. Large static assets can be set up using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit with each request. Some solutions even allowing you to provide static files without having to connect directly to the website server. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can handle compression of these files.




The popular Nginx web server is a wildly popular reverse proxy service. Although it is a reverse proxy solution, the Apache web server is also available with the reverse proxy feature as an additional feature which is accessible for Apache however Nginx was initially designed for and focused on the reverse proxy function.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Situations



Since "forward" along with "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality, and also misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic These labels can be confusing, as both types of proxies are able to respond to requests and responses. Another method of separating between forward and reverse proxy servers is to study the specifications of the software you are developing.




Reverse proxy can be a valuable tool when you are designing a solution to host web applications on the internet. They act as your servers when you interact with the Internet.




Forward proxy is a great tool to use if you're facing clients to use for personal purposes or even in a business environment. They are a representation of your traffic whenever you connect to the internet.




A distinction based on use case instead of using the standard names can help in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



The article described what a proxy is as well as two types of them: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical examples of its use as well as a discussion of most effective features were utilized to differentiate forward proxies from reverse. If you'd like to explore how to set up proxies, we suggest you go through our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server for Apache running the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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