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A proxy also referred to proxy server software that functions as an intermediary between client and server over the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, users would send a request to an item directly to a server and the server would then deliver the resource directly back to the client. Though this approach is simple to comprehend and implement the addition of proxies can bring advantages in terms of enhanced performance security, privacy, and many more. Alongside offering a security layer, proxies act as a security guardian for the internet between servers and clients.

The general consensus is that the set of servers and the hardware that is used along with proxy software is also frequently referred to proxy servers. However, this article will focus on the proxies that are typically categorized as software, and in the web server context. We will provide a brief overview of the two main types of proxies, which include a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own specific usage and can be confusing due to a similar naming convention.

This article will give you an understanding of proxy's purpose and the subtypes of them, as well as how they function in common configurations. In this article, you'll learn to determine the situations that are the best to use a proxy and make the right choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any scenario.

Understanding Forward Proxies

In other words forward proxy also referred to as an open proxy acts as a representative of a user who would like to make an internet-based request to an source server. In this scenario every request made by the client will instead be directed straight via the forward proxy. The forward proxy, acting in the place of the client will look into the request. The first step is to determine if the client is authorized to receive requests from this particular forward proxy. It will then decide if it is authorized to reject an request and send it back to the original server. The client isn't able to have direct access to the internet. It can only access what forward proxy allows it access to.

The most common reason for using forward proxy services is to gain greater privacy or security when surfing the internet. Forward proxy allows you to connect to the internet in instead of a client and in this manner, it may utilize an alternative IP address to the original IP address that the client uses.

Depending on how they've been configured in the past, forward proxy servers can offer a wide range of options and allow you to:

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  Do not be a victim of ad tracking.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You will be able to identify any restrictions based upon your geographic area.
  
  

Forward proxies may also be used in systems that provide centralized security and permission based access, such as at work. When all internet traffic passes via an open forward proxy layer, administrators can limit access to those clients who are filtered through an common firewall. Instead of putting firewalls in place to protect the client layer, which may comprise a range of machines that have different environments and users, the firewall could be put into the forward proxy layer.

Note that the forward proxy setting must be manually set up in order to be used, while reverse proxy settings can be ignored by clients. Depending on the type of IP address of a client is passed to the original server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be granted or denied.

There are a variety of options to take into consideration for forward proxies:

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  Apache The Apache is a popular open-source web server that has forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another popular open-source webserver, this one with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete web server solution. Check out our step-by-step guide to create Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante forward proxy which runs using the SOCKS protocol, instead of HTTP which makes it better suitable for situations like peer-topeer traffic. You can also examine the procedure for installing an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as a proxy for web servers that handle incoming requests from clients in its place. The web server could comprise one or more servers. Additionally, it can be used as an application server like Gunicorn. In either of these scenarios the request for an application comes by a user on the internet in general. Most of the time the request will be directed directly to the web server along with the information the client is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, works as an intermediary, shielding Web servers from direct contact with the web's public.

From a consumer's point view that is an individual's view, connecting with a reverse proxy is identical to using direct connections to an internet server. It's exactly the same thing, however the client cannot be able to discern the difference. The client makes a request for a resource and then receives it, without any additional configuration needed by the client.

Reverse proxies can provide features such as:

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  Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules you can create.
  
  
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  The caching function has been added to the app.
  
  

While centralized security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this benefit only to the server layer, not the client layer. Instead of managing firewalls at servers on the internet, which could contain multiple servers and different configurations, most of the firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility to interact with a firewall and also interacting with clients' requests outside of web servers permits them to concentrate on serving the requirements of their clients.

In the event that there's multiple servers hosted by a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy will also be responsible for directing what requests go at which server. There could be multiple web servers that provide identical content or offering different types of resource or a mixture of both. These servers may be running the HTTP protocol similar to an ordinary web server however they could also include other protocols for applications servers, such as FastCGI. It is also possible to set up reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers based on the requested resource or to comply with specific rules pertaining to traffic load.

Reverse proxies may also benefit from their position before web servers by delivering the ability to cache. Massive static resources can be set up by using caching rules in order to avoid hitting web servers with every request. There are solutions that permit the server to serve static assets directly without having to connect to the web server once. Additionally reverse proxy solutions can manage compression of these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a very popular reverse proxy option. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy option, Apache is a reverse proxy service. Apache web server is also able to function with reverse proxy functionality that is an added feature of Apache while Nginx was originally designed for and focuses on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Use Examples

Because "forward" or "reverse" have a connotation of directionality, as well as false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the labels can be confusing since both types of proxy handle responses and requests. The best way to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to examine the requirements of the application you're building.

Reverse proxy is useful when designing an application that runs web-based services over the internet. They are your web servers whenever you connect to the web.

Forward proxy can be beneficial when placed in front of customers to use for personal reasons or in the corporate setting. They represent your clients whenever you use the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing on commonly used naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

This article defined the meaning of a proxy using two types of proxy: the forward one and reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a summary of the most beneficial features were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in knowing more about how to set up proxies you can check out our guide on how you can configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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