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A proxy or proxy server is a software which acts in the middle between client and server via the internet. Without a proxy, a client will send a request to the resource directly to a server, and then the server would provide direct to the client. This method is simple to grasp and use but adding proxies offers advantages such as greater performance, privacy, security, and much more. As an additional layer being able to pass through, proxies function as a safeguard for the internet, separating servers and users.

The combined package of server hardware with the software for proxy installation is usually referred to as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically described in terms of software as and those used together with web servers. We will give a synopsis of the two main kinds of proxy servers, namely those that are a one that is forward and the reverse proxy. Each has its own usage, which can be confusing due to a similar terminology.

This article will give you an idea of the how proxies work and what their subtypes are, and their benefits in a range of configurations. Through in this post, you'll know what situations that a proxy can be advantageous, and decide on the best option to use a forward or reverse proxy based on the specific situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy also known in the context of an open proxy serves as a representative for a client that attempts to make an online request to an source server. In this situation the entire request sent by the client is instead controlled by the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the place of the client, will examine the request. The first step is to check if the client been granted permission to send requests using this particular forward proxy. It then will reject a demand and then forward the request to an original server. The client is not able to have direct connection directly to internet. It can access only what the forward proxy allows it access to.

The most frequent use of forward proxy is increased privacy or security on the internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet instead of a client. as a result, it uses an alternate IP address from that of the client's initial IP address.

Based on how it was configured according to the configuration forward proxy can provide a variety of functions depending on how it's configured. This allows you to:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Identify restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that use centralized security and based access, for instance in workplaces. When all internet traffic is routed through an common forward proxy, the administrator is able to limit access to only a small user group to the internet by a common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer that can comprise a variety of machines that have different environments and users it is possible to have a firewall located at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.

It is crucial to keep in mind to remember that forward proxy servers must be manually configured for use, whereas reverse proxies may be hidden from clients. Depending on the kind of IP address the client, it is sent to the server that originated it via the forward proxy's privacy and security can be granted or left in the dark.

There are a myriad of options to be considered for forward proxies

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  Apache: A popular open-source web server offering forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open source web server with forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. This doesn't offer an entire Web server app. It is possible to read our guide on how to configure Squid proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP and is better suitable for applications like peer-to-peer communication. You can also learn how to setup an Dante proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary for web servers that handle incoming requests by clients on behalf of. Web servers can consist of a single server, or several servers. It could also be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any case, the request will come from an internet user in general. The majority of the time, the request will be transmitted directly to the server that has all the resources the client needs. However reverse proxy acts as an intermediary that isolates Web servers and their direct contact with the internet.

From a consumer's point of view, interacting with reverse proxy is not any different from using an internet server direct. It's pretty much the same but the user is unable to see the difference. The client requests it, then it is then granted without extra configuration that must be done by the customer.

Reverse proxies provide features such as:

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  A central layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic coming inbound according to rules that you create.
  
  
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  A new feature to cache is now available.
  
  

While central security is an advantage of both forward and reverse proxy, reverse proxies do this only to the server layer but not to the layer that clients use. Instead of establishing firewalls on Web server layers, which could comprise multiple servers and different configurations, the bulk of security measures for firewalls are targeted towards the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of communicating with firewalls and communicating with requests from customers who aren't connected to web servers permits the firewall to concentrate on meeting the requirements of their clients.

If there are several servers running in a reverse proxy it also controls which requests are directed towards which servers. A number of web servers could be running from the same host, providing different types of resources or a mix of both. These servers use the HTTP protocol like a traditional web server. However, they can be equipped with applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can set up a reverse proxy to direct the clients to specific servers depending on the kind of resource they are looking for, or to adhere to certain rules for traffic load.

Reverse proxies also have the ability to gain advantage from their position prior to web servers, through providing caching functions. Large static assets can to be set up with caching rules to avoid having to contact web servers on every request. Certain solutions offer the option to serve static assets directly without touching the server once. Furthermore reverse proxy is able to manage compression of these files.

The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a reliable reverse proxy service. It is real that the Apache website server also equipped with a reverse proxy, it can be used in conjunction with Apache however Nginx was originally built for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Examples

Since "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality as well as misleading comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing since both types of proxy services process requests and response. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to consider the requirements of the application that you're developing.

A reverse proxy is a great option in the case of designing a system to provide web-based solutions on the internet. They serve as your servers for any interaction with the Internet.

Forward proxy applications can be useful when they are put in front of a user for personal use as well as in an office context. They represent your clients whenever you use the internet.

Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on common naming conventions can assist in avoiding confusion.

Conclusion

This article clarified what a proxy is with two kinds: forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of the benefits were used to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy. If you're interested in learning more about the use of proxy servers then you should follow our guide on how to configure Nginx as an internet server and reverse proxy using Apache using one Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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