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Kidney Cancer in Canada

Kidney cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in the world. The outlook depends on the stage (how large it is, and if it has spread) when you are diagnosed and the type of kidney cancer you have.

In the past, observational studies the rates of KCa were twice as high for Indigenous Canadians when age-standardized. There is a lack of studies on the experiences of patients with KCa.

Background

Kidney cancer is the 10th most prevalent cancer in the world, with about 6600 new diagnoses and 1900 deaths in Canada in 20171. Some of the risk factors that are established include male sex, a age of 60 or a kidney cancer in the family, smoking, diabetes mellitus obesity and high blood pressure.

To estimate the global incidence as well as mortality from this disease GBD incorporates data from important registration systems and cancer registry data to build an overall model of causes of death. This model employs linear step mix-effects to link the data observed with a variety of covariates that include the characteristics of a person's demographic, their health quality and accessibility, and geographical and socioeconomic context.

The model then multiplies incident cases by independently modeled mortality-to-incidence ratios to obtain age-adjusted rates for all countries. Kidney cancer is the 10th most frequent cancer type worldwide. Its death rate is higher than the majority of major cancers. In 2017 it caused over 3.3 million DALYs to be lost worldwide.

Incidence and mortality rates are available for all 195 countries. They are reported according to age, sex and according to the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI).

Previous studies have revealed that the rate of rccc in non-Indigenous Canadians is twice as high9. These differences may be related to differences in risk factors prevalence or to differing patterns of the occurrence of cancer in these populations. To explore this further The study compares symptoms and outcomes of rccc among Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients in Canada using data from a national cohort.

Methods

In Canada, the most common type of kidney cancer is renal cell carcinoma (rcc). RCC is treated with chemotherapy drugs that target tumor cells and hinder the growth or spread of cancer. Treatment options also include surgery as well as other procedures such as radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation.

The outlook for a patient depends on both the stage (how large the tumour is) as well as the grade. The better the outlook, the lower the grade. The stage of cancer will determine if it has spread past the kidney. This will affect the treatment that is right for you.

Treatment decisions are based upon a patient's needs and preferences as well as the history of their health. This includes other illnesses and conditions, like high blood pressure as well as heart disease, diabetes and diabetes. Patients should be urged by their physicians to discuss the various options available to them so that they can make a decision that is best for them. This is referred to as shared decision-making and it can enhance patient outcomes.

The study was developed with the goal of improving the patient-centered care offered to this group of patients. It explored KCa patients’ experiences with their access to health care and their understanding of the treatment options. The survey was distributed to KCC members and urology clinics across Canada, with the help of the KCC's Medical Advisory Board, who advised on the questionnaire's language.

Results

The prevalence of rccc in the Indigenous canadian pacific colon cancer cohort was higher than that of the non-Indigenous canadian pacific colon cancer cohort However, this difference was not statistically significant. (p = 0.36). The majority of patients (68 percent) were diagnosed with cT1-stage disease at the time they received their diagnosis. There were no signs of metastases. Renal surgery was performed in 81 percent of Indigenous canadian pacific cll patients and 75% of non-Indigenous canadian Pacific interstitial Lung disease patients, with 55% of these surgeries being radical Nephrectomy.

LDHA expression was significantly less intense in the biopsy samples of the Indigenous canadian pacific throat cancer cohort compared to the non-Indigenous Canada cohort. This is in line with the known role of ldha as a tumour suppressor gene in rcc and may be responsible for the higher prevalence of rcc among the Indigenous population.

Biopsy rates were similar between the two groups, with a median times of 2.4 months between clinical diagnosis and the renal mass biopsy in both groups. The majority of the 134 kidney masses biopsyed were ccRCC (75%) and papillary cancer in 10% and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in nine.

In 2017, kidney cancer was responsible for 138.5 thousand deaths (95 percent UI = 128.7-142.5). In 2017, the standardised age-related mortality rate for kidney cancer was 4.9 (95 percent U.I. : 4.7-5.1). This was significantly lower when compared to the global age-standardised rate of 1.7 (UI: 1.6-1.8).

Conclusions

Kidney cancer is the 10th most prevalent kind of cancer in the world and there were an estimated 6600 new diagnoses and 1900 deaths in Canada in 2017. The majority of cases are renal cells carcinomas (rcc), which is a tumor that forms in kidney cells. Other types include transitional cells, Wilms tumor, Canadian Pacific Interstitial Lung Disease and renal Sarcomas. Some rare inherited genetic conditions like Von Hippel-Lindau's disease, Sickle Cell Disease and Tuberous Sclerosis Complex increase the risk of developing kidney cancer.

The cause of most kidney cancers isn't clear, and Canadian Pacific Interstitial Lung Disease it appears to be multifactorial. Certain risk factors that have been identified are able to be altered. Indigenous Canadians are reported to have higher rates of rccc compared to non-Indigenous Canadians. There isn't a lot of information on the differences in rccc treatment and the presentation of Indigenous patients.

To identify the barriers faced by KCa patients to receiving quality healthcare, KCC conducted a patient-centered experience of care survey among KCa survivors in Canada. The results of this first-of-its-kind patient-led study provide valuable insight into the quality of care offered and the unique perspectives of KCa patients regarding their experiences with their healthcare providers. KCC hopes to make use of this important information to support the improvement of access to care and outcomes for patients in Canada. The results show that the majority of participants reported having good or excellent access to their healthcare providers. Participants from the Eastern region, Quebec, and those living in rural or suburban regions were less likely to have access to rcc specialist or treatment options.