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Laryngeal Cancer

A number of studies have shown that workers exposed to smoke from tobacco or Canadian National Railway Bladder Cancer strong inorganic mists as well as heavy drinking have an increased risk of developing cancers in the larynx/hypopharynx. (IARC 2004)

All of these cancers are caused by work and are most often affecting men. Smokers are more likely to develop these cancers than non-smokers.

Risk Factors

Smoking tobacco and heavy drinking are the primary causes of larynx cancers, which is the lower part of your throat that runs from the back. These types of cancers are more common in men than women. The most common kind of cancer that affects the larynx is called squamous. These tumours begin in the glottis - - the part of the throat that makes the sound you make when you speak. The next most popular types of cancers of the larynx are adenocarcinomas. They can develop in other parts of the larynx and are less common than squamous cancers.

A number of case-control studies show that asbestos exposure at work can increase the risk of developing laryngeal cancer. These studies haven't been able to establish a clear dose-response relation.

Certain occupational respiratory diseases including wood dust, metallic dust and formaldehyde have all been associated with a higher risk of developing cancers of the larynx or the nasopharynx. People with a history of throat or head cancer, particularly of the oropharynx (the back of the mouth) and canadian national railway chronic Obstructive pulmonary disease larynx (the front of the throat), and pharynx are at greater risk.

In one study, high-risk cancers were observed in workers in coal mines, who were involved in the production of metal products, administration and sanitary service. This was contrary to other studies that did not reveal any significant increase in cancer of the larynx or nasopharynx associated with asbestos.

Signs and symptoms

Squamous cells are the most commonly encountered type of laryngeal carcinoma. They originate from thin, flat cells that line the upper airway. The majority of these cancers are located in the glottic region of the larynx, but they may also appear in the subglottic and supraglottic regions. The symptoms of laryngeal cancer depend on the location of the tumor and may not be evident until the cancer has advanced.

The most common sign of cancer in the larynx is hoarseness that lasts for more than two weeks. The majority of patients suffering from cancer of the larynx glottic suffer from this early symptom, however, those who have cancers in the supraglottic or subglottic areas may not show symptoms until later.

Many CN Canadian National Railway Lung Cancer workers, especially machinists and pipefitters, have been exposed to a high level of ETS during their job. It has been demonstrated that this increases the risk of developing laryngeal or lung cancer, as well as other diseases and disorders such as mesothelioma or canadian national railway chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Laryngeal cancer diagnosis is usually made on the basis of a medical history along with physical examination, laryngoscopy and biopsy. Depending on the location of the tumor, some patients might require CT or MRI with or without contrast, chest xrays or PET scans of the chest and neck.

Diagnosis

Laryngeal cancer is diagnosed with either an imaging test or biopsy. Doctors may also use these tests to find out if cancer has spread within the larynx or other body parts. This process is called staging.

Surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy are three of the main treatment options available for laryngeal cancer. These treatments are available either in isolation or in combination. Chemotherapy makes use of drugs to kill cancerous cells or stop the growth of cancerous cells. It can be administered in the form of a pill or an injection. It can be administered prior to or during surgery, or radiation therapy to enhance its effects. It is also given after surgery to prevent cancer from returning (recurring).

If the cancer has spread to the neck, doctors may need to remove a small portion or the entire neck (neck dissection). This can be done using an automated robot or by opening the neck via surgery. It is important for patients to discuss this with their doctors, especially because the removal of the neck can cause stiffness and changes in voice.

It is essential to be on top of subsequent visits. This will help doctors determine if the treatment has worked and if cancer has returned (recurred). Regular checkups can help detect any new cancers in the early stages, which means they are easier and less painful to treat.

Treatment

Squamous cell tumors which comprise the majority of laryngeal tumours originate in the thin cells that cover the larynx. These cancers can spread in a slow or rapid manner. They may also spread to other areas of the body. The type of treatment a person receives depends on the size of the tumor, where it is located and canadian national railway lung cancer whether or not the cancer has spread.

The health care team will inspect the throat and neck for any signs of cancer, for example an unidentified lump or a sore throat that won't go away. They'll also ask questions about the person's health history and habits, such as if they smoked or drank alcohol.

X-rays, ultrasounds and other imaging tests help doctors determine the size and shape of the tumor. They may also perform laryngoscopy to look at the throat and voice box through a tube-like instrument with the aid of a light and lens. The team will also check for any swelling in the nodes of the neck.

Patients with hypopharyngeal or laryngeal cancer may have surgery to remove it. It can cause a person to change the way they talk, eat, and breathe. Rehabilitation and support services can help people manage these changes. Cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx sufferers are at risk of other health problems, including dryness, nerve damage or tingling sensations in the throat and neck and decreased thyroid function after a total laryngectomy. They should get regular dental cleaning and fluoride treatments to avoid tooth decay.