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The Dangers of Exposure to Asbestos

Asbestos was used in a variety of commercial products before it was banned. Studies have shown that exposure to asbestos can cause cancer and other health problems.

You cannot tell if something is asbestos-containing by looking at it, and you can't taste or smell it. It can only be found when the asbestos-containing materials are chipped, drilled or broken.

Chrysotile

At its peak, chrysotile made up for 90% of the asbestos made. It was employed in a variety of industries including construction insulation, fireproofing, and insulation. However, if workers were exposed to the toxic material, they could develop mesothelioma, as well as other asbestos-related diseases. Fortunately, the use this hazardous mineral has declined dramatically since mesothelioma awareness began to increase in the 1960's. However, trace amounts of it are still found in the products we use in the present.

Chrysotile is safe to use if a thorough safety and handling plan is in place. Chrysotile handling workers aren't exposed to a significant amount of risk at the current limits of exposure. Inhaling airborne fibres has been linked with lung fibrosis and lung cancer. This has been confirmed for asbestos both the intensity (dose) and duration of exposure.

In one study mortality rates were compared among a factory which used almost exclusively chrysotile in the manufacture of friction materials and national death rates. It was found that, for 40 years of processing asbestos chrysotile at a low level of exposure there was no signifi cant extra mortality in the factory.

Contrary to other types of asbestos, chrysotile fibres tend to be shorter. They can penetrate the lungs and enter the bloodstream. This makes them more likely to cause ill-health consequences than longer fibres.

When chrysotile is mixed with cement, it's very difficult for the fibres to breathe and pose health risks. Fibre cement products are extensively used all over the world particularly in buildings like hospitals and schools.

Studies have shown that chrysotile is less prone to cause disease than amphibole asbestos, such as crocidolite and amosite. Amphibole types like these are the main source of mesothelioma as well as other asbestos-related diseases. When chrysotile is mixed in with cement, it forms a strong, flexible building product that is able to withstand severe weather conditions and other environmental dangers. It is also very easy to clean after use. Professionals can safely remove asbestos fibres once they have been removed.

Amosite

Asbestos refers to a group of silicate mineral fibrous which are found naturally in a variety of kinds of rock formations. It is comprised of six general groups: serpentine, amphibole, tremolite, anthophyllite and crocidolite (IARC, 1973).

Asbestos minerals are made up of thin, long fibers that vary in length, ranging from very thin to broad and straight to curled. These fibers are found in nature in the form of individual fibrils or bundles with splaying edges called a fibril matrix. Asbestos can also be found in a powder form (talc), or mixed with other minerals in order to create vermiculite or talcum powder. These are commonly used in consumer products including baby powder, cosmetics and facial powder.

Asbestos was heavily used in the early two-thirds of the 20th century to construct shipbuilding insulation, fireproofing and various other construction materials. Most occupational exposures were to asbestos fibres that were borne in the air, but certain workers were exposed to vermiculite and talc that had been contaminated as well as to fragments of asbestos-bearing rock (ATSDR 2001). Exposures varied according to industry, time and geographical location.

The majority of asbestos-related exposures in the workplace were due to inhalation, but certain workers were exposed by skin contact or by eating food contaminated with asbestos. Asbestos can be found in the environment because of natural weathering and degrading of contaminated materials like ceiling and floor tiles, car brakes and clutches, and insulation.

It is becoming clear that non-commercial amphibole fibers could also be carcinogenic. These are the fibres that do not have the tight interwoven fibrils that are found in the serpentine and amphibole minerals, but instead are loose, flexible and needle-like. These fibers can be found in the mountain sandstones, cliffs and sandstones from a variety of nations.

Asbestos is able to enter the environment in a variety of ways, including as airborne particles. It can also be released into water or soil. This can be caused by natural (weathering and erosion of asbestos-bearing rocks) and anthropogenic (disintegration and disposal of asbestos-containing materials in landfill sites) sources. Asbestos contamination in surface and ground waters is primarily caused by natural weathering. However, it has also been caused by humans, such as through milling and mining of asbestos-containing materials, demolition and dispersal, and the disposal of contaminated waste in landfills (ATSDR 2001). Asbestos fibres that are emitted from the air are the main cause of illness in people exposed to asbestos legal during their work.

Crocidolite

Inhalation exposure to asbestos is the most common way people are exposed to the dangerous fibres, which can be absorbed into the lungs and cause serious health problems. Mesothelioma, asbestosis, and other illnesses are caused by asbestos fibres. Exposure to the fibres can be experienced in other ways, like contact with contaminated clothing or building materials. The dangers of exposure are higher when crocidolite, the asbestos that is blue, is involved. Crocidolite fibers are smaller and more fragile and therefore easier to breathe in. They can also lodge deeper in lung tissue. It has been linked to more mesothelioma-related cases than other asbestos types.

The six main kinds are chrysotile and amosite. The most common asbestos types are epoxiemite as well as chrysotile which together make up 95% all commercial asbestos used. The other four asbestos types are not as common, but may still be found in older structures. They are not as dangerous as chrysotile or amosite but can still be a risk when mixed with other minerals or when mined near other naturally occurring mineral deposits such as vermiculite and talc.

Numerous studies have revealed an connection between asbestos exposure and stomach cancer. However the evidence is not conclusive. Certain researchers have reported an SMR (standardized mortality ratio) of 1.5 (95 percent of the time CI: 0.7-3.6) for all workers exposed to asbestos and others have reported an SMR of 1.24 (95 percent 95% CI: 0.76-2.5) for workers working in chrysotile mining and mills.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classed all asbestos types as carcinogenic. All types of asbestos can cause mesothelioma as well as other health issues, however the risks vary according to how much exposure people are exposed to, the kind of asbestos involved as well as the length of their exposure, and the manner in which it is inhaled or ingested. IARC has stated that the best option for individuals is to stay clear of all types of asbestos. If someone has been exposed to asbestos in the past and suffer from an illness, such as mesothelioma or any other respiratory ailments and require advice, they should seek out guidance from their physician or NHS 111.

Amphibole

Amphiboles are a collection of minerals which can form prism-like and needle-like crystals. They are a type of silicate mineral composed of double chains of SiO4 molecules. They are a monoclinic system of crystals, but some exhibit an orthorhombic structure. The general formula of an amphibole is A0-1B2C5T8O22(OH,F)2. The double chains are composed of (Si, Al)O4 tetrahedrons linked together in rings of six tetrahedrons. Tetrahedrons may be separated by strips of octahedral sites.

Amphibole minerals are found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. They are usually dark-colored and tough. Because of their similar hardness and colour, they can be difficult for some to distinguish from the pyroxenes. They also have a comparable cut. However their chemistry permits a wide range of compositions. The chemical compositions and crystal structure of the various mineral groups in amphibole can be used to identify them.

Amphibole asbestos includes chrysotile and the five asbestos types amosite, anthophyllite (crocidolite) amosite (actinolite) and amosite. The most widely used asbestos type is chrysotile each type has distinct characteristics. The most dangerous type of asbestos, crocidolite is composed of sharp fibers that are easy to inhale into the lung. Anthophyllite can range from yellow to brown in color and is composed of iron and magnesium. This kind of material was used to create cement and insulation materials.

Amphibole minerals are challenging to analyze because they have an intricate chemical structure and many substitutions. Therefore, a detailed analysis of their composition requires specialized methods. EDS, WDS and XRD are the most common methods of identifying amphiboles. These methods are only able to provide approximate identifications. These techniques, for instance cannot differentiate between magnesio hornblende and magnesio hastingsite. These techniques do not distinguish between ferro-hornblende and.