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The Dangers of Exposure to Asbestos

Asbestos was used in a variety of commercial products prior to when it was banned. According research, exposure to asbestos can cause cancer as well as other health problems.

You cannot tell by just looking at something whether it is made up of asbestos. It is also impossible to smell or taste it. Asbestos can only be identified when materials containing it are broken or drilled.

Chrysotile

At its peak, chrysotile made up for 99% of the asbestos produced. It was widely used in industries, including construction, fireproofing, and insulation. If workers are exposed to asbestos, they are likely to develop mesothelioma and other asbestos-related illnesses. Since the 1960s, when mesothelioma was first becoming a major concern asbestos use has been drastically reduced. However, trace amounts can still be found in the products we use today.

Chrysotile can be safely used when a thorough safety and handling plan is put in place. It has been determined that, at today's controlled exposure levels, there isn't an danger to those who handle it. The inhalation of airborne particles has been strongly associated with lung fibrosis and lung cancer. This has been proven for intensity (dose) as and the duration of exposure.

One study that examined the operation of a factory that utilized almost exclusively chrysotile in the production of friction materials, compared the mortality rates of this factory with national mortality rates. The study found that after 40 years of converting low levels of chrysotile, there was no significant rise in mortality rates in this factory.

Contrary to other types of asbestos, chrysotile fibres tend to be shorter. They can pass through the lungs and then enter the bloodstream. This makes them much more prone to cause negative effects than fibrils with a longer length.

When chrysotile is mixed into cement, it is very difficult for the fibres to breathe and pose health risks. Fibre cement products are widely used in a variety of locations around the world, including schools and hospitals.

Research has revealed that amphibole asbestos such as amosite, crocidolite, or crocidolite, is less likely than chrysotile in causing disease. These amphibole types have been the primary cause of mesothelioma as well as other asbestos-related diseases. When cement and chrysotile are mixed, a durable, flexible product is created that is able to withstand extreme weather conditions and environmental hazards. It is also easy to clean up after use. Asbestos fibres can be easily removed by a professional and then safely taken away.

Amosite

Asbestos is a category of fibrous silicates that are found in various types of rock formations. It is composed of six general groups: amphibole, serpentine as well as tremolite, anthophyllite, and crocidolite (IARC, 1973).

Asbestos minerals are composed of long, thin fibers that vary in length from fine to wide. They can also be straight or curled. They are present in nature as individual fibrils or as bundles with splaying ends called fibril matrix. Asbestos is also found in a powder form (talc), or mixed with other minerals to make talcum powder or vermiculite. They are used extensively as consumer products, like baby powder, cosmetics and facial powder.

The largest use of asbestos was in the first two-thirds of the 20th century in the period when it was employed in insulation, shipbuilding, fireproofing and other construction materials. The majority of occupational exposures were asbestos fibres that were borne in the air, but some workers were exposed to vermiculite and talc that had been contaminated, and to fragments of asbestos-bearing rocks (ATSDR, 2001). Exposures varied from industry to industry, era to, and geographical location.

Exposure to asbestos at work is mostly because of inhalation. However there are workers who have been exposed by contact with their skin or eating contaminated foods. Asbestos is now only found in the environment due to natural weathering of mined ores and deterioration of contaminated products like insulation, car brakes, clutches as well as ceiling and floor tiles.

There is evidence to suggest that amphibole fibres from non-commercial sources could also be carcinogenic. They are not tightly knit like the fibrils found in amphibole and serpentine, but are instead loose elastic, flexible, and needle-like. These fibers are found in the mountains, sandstones and cliffs in a variety of countries.

Asbestos enters the environment mainly in the form of airborne particles, however it can also leach into soil and water. This can be due to both natural (weathering of asbestos-bearing rocks) and anthropogenic causes (disintegration of asbestos-containing wastes as well as disposal in landfill sites). Asbestos contamination of ground and surface water is mostly due to natural weathering, but has also been caused by anthropogenic activities like milling and mining, demolition and dispersal of asbestos-containing materials as well as the disposal of contaminated dumping ground in landfills (ATSDR, 2001). Airborne asbestos fibres are the most significant reason for illness among those exposed to asbestos settlement in their job.

Crocidolite

Exposure to asbestos through inhalation is the most frequent method by which people are exposed to dangerous fibres, which can then get into the lungs and cause serious health issues. These include mesothelioma and asbestosis. The exposure to asbestos fibres could be experienced in other ways, like contact with contaminated clothing or building materials. The dangers of exposure are higher when crocidolite, the asbestos' blue form is involved. Crocidolite fibers are thinner and more fragile and therefore easier to breathe. They can also lodge deeper into lung tissues. It has been associated with more mesothelioma cancer cases than other asbestos types.

The six major types of asbestos are chrysotile, amosite as well as epoxiemite. Tremolite is anthophyllite and actinolite. Amosite and chrysotile are two of the most commonly used types of asbestos and account for 95% of the commercial asbestos that is used. The other four asbestos types aren't as well-known, but can still be present in older structures. They are not as dangerous as chrysotile or amosite but can still pose a threat when mixed with other minerals, or when mined near other naturally occurring mineral deposits, such as talc and vermiculite.

Several studies have found an association between asbestos exposure and stomach cancer. Several studies have found a link between asbestos exposure and stomach. However the evidence is not conclusive. Some researchers have cited an SMR (standardized death ratio) of 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 0.7-3.6), for all asbestos workers. However, others have reported an SMR of 1,24 (95 percent confidence interval: 0.76-2.5), for workers in mines and chrysotile mills.

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified all asbestos types as carcinogenic. All kinds of asbestos may cause mesothelioma as well as other health issues, however the risks vary according to how much exposure individuals are exposed to, the type of asbestos involved and the duration of their exposure, and the manner in which it is inhaled or consumed. IARC has declared that the best choice for individuals is to stay clear of all forms of asbestos. If you have been exposed in the past to asbestos and suffer from a respiratory illness or mesothelioma, you should talk to your doctor or NHS111.

Amphibole

Amphiboles are a grouping of minerals which can create prism-like or needle-like crystals. They are a type of inosilicate mineral made up of double chains of SiO4 molecules. They have a monoclinic system of crystals, but some have an orthorhombic structure. The general formula of an amphibole is A0-1B2C5T8O22(OH,F)2. The double chains consist of (Si,Al)O4 Tetrahedrons that are joined in rings of six. Tetrahedrons may be separated by octahedral strips.

Amphibole minerals can be found in igneous and metamorphic rocks. They are typically dark and hard. They are sometimes difficult to differentiate from pyroxenes due to their similar hardness and color. They also have a comparable the cleavage. Their chemistry can allow for a variety of compositions. The various minerals within amphibole can be identified by their chemical compositions and crystal structures.

The five asbestos claim types that belong to the amphibole group include amosite, anthophyllite, crocidolite, and actinolite. While the most frequently used asbestos type is chrysotile each type has distinct characteristics. The most hazardous type of asbestos, crocidolite, is composed of sharp fibers that are easy to breathe into the lungs. Anthophyllite has a brownish to yellowish color and is made primarily of magnesium and iron. This variety was once used in products such as cement and insulation materials.

Amphiboles are a challenge to analyze due to their complex chemical structure and numerous substitutions. A thorough analysis of the composition of amphibole minerals is a complex process that requires specialized techniques. EDS, WDS and XRD are the most common methods of identifying amphiboles. However, these methods can only provide approximate identifications. These techniques, for instance can't distinguish between magnesio hornblende and hastingsite. Additionally, these techniques do not distinguish between ferro-hornblende and pargasite.