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The Benefits of Home Gardens

Home gardens are small-scaled subsistence agricultural systems established by families to collect and meet their food requirements. These garden plots are often comprised of fruits, vegetables, tree crops medicinal and ornamental plants, and livestock.

Numerous studies have shown that gardening tips at home provides multiple benefits for families with limited resources. These benefits include economics, nutrition as well as agro-ecosystem sustainability.

Nutritional Benefits

Different studies have proven that home gardens are vital in ensuring nutrition and food security. They can supply a variety of nutrients, as well as supplement food staples and help to reduce "hidden hunger" and help prevent diseases caused by micronutrient deficiencies, and improve the income and livelihood of families. They offer ecosystem services, and are often used to promote resilience of communities in times of crisis.

In Java, Indonesia, for instance, 7 percent of the time that people gardening which accounts for 44 percent of their daily calories consumed and 32% of their protein intake. This is much more than the paddy rice, which accounts for only 6% of the daily calorie intake of a household (Sato and Perera).

Home gardens provide a variety of vegetables, fruits, tubers and minerals, including iron, calcium, folic acids and vitamins (especially vitamin C). This helps to maintain an optimum diet and lets families fulfill their nutritional needs at a very low cost.

Certain gardens have been created to produce high-value crops, such as spices and herbs that can be sold at markets. This has increased the income of households with low incomes particularly women, and improved their nutrition and health. Additionally, some households have begun to integrate livestock and poultry activities into their gardens to increase the supply of animal proteins.

Home gardening is often the best way to improve nutrition and food security in post-crisis circumstances. In the time of drought in Tajikistan 2010 a large number of households turned to their gardens for a variety of plants and vegetables that they planted in their emergency food storage. They also grew beans, which were affordable and comprised a significant part of their food supply. This helped them avoid hunger and malnutrition and ensured a healthy diet, while reducing their dependence on imported food. This was a lifeline in many cases for families affected by the conflict and were faced with economic difficulties and unemployment.

Economic Benefits

Home gardens offer a bundle of benefits including food security and income generation. They can provide a steady and continuous supply of fresh fruit vegetables, herbs, and spices, in addition to animal product (e.g. In addition to eggs and milk they also provide ecosystem services such as soil fertility and water conservation. These multiple advantages make gardening at home an attractive sustainable agricultural practice, especially in the developing nations.

In a variety of studies, the importance of gardens at home in providing staple foods and as a buffer against the insecurity of food is well-established. Research has shown that kitchen vegetable garden produce an unending supply of food items that can be consumed by the household as well as an additional income from selling produce at markets. These profits can be used to fund other essential needs of the family such as healthcare, education and savings.

According to a study of the research, women tend to the majority of garden plots in their homes. This is a reflection on the norms of society that recognize the importance of women to household food production. The involvement of women in the management of their home gardens enables them to develop proficiency related to gardening and plant practices that enhance their agronomic competence and assists in meeting family needs [41].

The study conducted by Rowe also found that home gardens can supplement the diet of families that live in densely populated, damaged areas and have a limited amount of land for crops. They accomplish this by increasing the supply of high nutrient density food items, thereby enhancing the balance of diet and improving health [5253.

Because of their geographical location and horticultural structure, backyard gardens are typically considered to be low-tech and cost-effective agriculture systems [53]. This means that they utilize local resources like soil and flower garden water, seeds, flower garden plants and labour to accomplish their objectives. This lowers the cost of operating and investment costs when compared to commercially purchased foods and generates economic benefit through a reduction in household spending.

Home gardens not only provide an abundance of food and revenue, but also promote rural development and entrepreneurialism. They have proven to be particularly effective in fragile and post-conflict situations. For instance, in Tajikistan which was declared independent after a long civil war and subsequent natural disasters such as drought, home gardens were an important avenue for food security and poverty alleviation for the population (Rowe and co. (2006)).

Medical Benefits

Numerous studies across the globe have proven that home gardens offer a variety of social and cultural as in addition to economic benefits. They can help improve the security of nutrition and food in various political and socio-economic situations as well as promoting health of the family and human potential, providing income and self-reliance, helping empower women as well as preserving indigenous cultures and knowledge, as well as protecting natural resources. Gardens at home also contribute to ecosystem services including habitats for pollinators and animals and nutrient recycling, which reduces soil erosion and watershed protection.

The variety of benefits that home gardens can bring has led to them becoming an integral part of the landscape of agriculture in many of the developing countries across the world. For instance, in the upland areas of north-east India and Latin America, home garden beds cultivation is usually an ancient ethno-ecological (TEK) response to a declining fertility of soils and degradation of the site due to shifting agriculture practices [9].

Home gardens aren't just essential for sustaining food production, but also play an important role in reducing the 'hidden' hunger that is associated with micronutrient deficiencies. According to Wiersum and co, the use of a variety of fruit trees and other vegetables in home gardens enables families to have easy access to a healthy diet that is rich in vitamins and minerals, helping them to avoid the ailment that is caused by deficiency.

Moreover, in countries undergoing transition and post-conflict situations home gardening has been used as a way to increase food security, nutrition and livelihoods based on the premise that gardening is a flexible, affordable and adaptable, especially for women-headed households. Rowe found, for example that in Tajikistan (which became independent from the Soviet Union but was plagued by civil war and a severe economic downturn), households heavily relied on their garden to supplement their daily diet.

The cultivation of medicinal plants by the home gardeners is also a major source of medicines and treatments in a number of developing countries. Traditional herbal medicine from the local area is usually less expensive to make than pharmaceuticals. This makes it more accessible for the poor.

Environmental Benefits

Home gardens are small-scale subsistence agricultural systems that provide food and other commodities for the household. They typically consist of a mix of trees, shrubs and perennial and annual plants. They may also include herbs, spices and ornamental species. They also provide a significant source of income, particularly for households with limited resources.

Compared to commercial agriculture which is dependent on chemical inputs, home gardening uses organic fertilizers and pesticides to aid in the maintenance of healthy soils. They also help preserve biodiversity and natural resources.

A Flower Garden (Yuntue.Com) at home can serve as an ideal habitat for wildlife such as birds, insects and other animals that depend on it for survival. It protects them from harsh weather conditions such as the severe winds and sun. A garden in the home can aid in reducing noise pollution from traffic on busy roads. The tall plants in the garden can assist in absorbing and reducing noise waves thereby helping keep peace in the neighborhood.

As a result of the growing environmental concerns, more emphasis is being placed on developing and improving local food systems. Home gardens are gaining attention as one of the most feasible methods of providing local food and ecosystem services. Numerous studies have proven positive effects on food nutrition, and income generation for resource-poor urban and rural families.

Research on the social benefits of gardens at home have also revealed positive effects for household members, especially women. In the Achuar community of the upper Amazon region, for example women's ability to maintain an abundant garden increases her social standing.

Home gardens can be an essential strategy to build resilience in the face of frequent food shortages and crisis, such as during conflicts, political instability and drought. They are a low-cost and sustainable alternative to importing expensive food items from abroad. They can also act as a catalyst for growth and change by giving power to communities that are disadvantaged.