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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee enthusiast you're probably aware that different varieties of beans have different flavor profiles. Learn about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a variety of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity, more tart flavor and are frequently used in blends of beans to give them added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of the global production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta and are available in a variety of flavours. The taste and aroma components of a particular coffee can vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and the processing methods used to produce it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word that means the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow within bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became more energetic after eating the fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes and are capable of flourishing when exposed to cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the main reasons that Arabica is regarded as the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops are focused on using ethically-sourced arabica beans, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to create distinctive coffees that can be used in many different brewing methods. Blending is a way to control the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee. It is usually preferred to get a consistent and balanced taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have more caffeine per bean and are more protected against pests and diseases. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process of coffee and create undesirable flavors.

The plant is more durable than the arabica and may grow in less favorable environments. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

Although it might seem odd Robusta beans are typically combined with arabica to create coffee blends. If you see the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a bag of coffee then it's likely that there's some robusta in there too.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to cut costs while maintaining quality. To preserve the flavor integrity it is recommended to select a high quality bean from a reliable source. This can be done by buying your beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football which is what makes them distinct from other coffee beans. They have an aroma that is floral, fruity and smokey. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a richer and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and can grow at low altitudes. They also have a much better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. Online, you can purchase seeds from numerous sources. However, it's best to buy the beans from local producers in order to ensure high-quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica Coffee Beans Bulk plants are fertile deep volcanic soils that have moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean to cup coffee beans. It was previously classified as a distinct species, but has now been classified as a Liberica variant. These oval-shaped coffee beans grow on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular option for house blends. They have a more subtle aroma and higher caffeine content than Arabica or Robusta but they still have a distinct flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta despite being the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans shop beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and carry an intriguing dark flavor. These beans are commonly used to give blends additional body and a sweet tart flavor of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most well-known, and are renowned for their more sweetness. They thrive in tropical and warm climates as well as at higher altitudes. They have a slight acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly they can be flavored like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are smaller and more round but they have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They are also bitterer than the other two types and have an earthy, woody taste.

After you've learned about the four most common types of coffee beans now is the time to pick your ideal coffee. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.