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Even on the occasions when nitrate stock did not start a devastating blaze, once flames from other sources spread to large nearby film collections, the resulting combustion greatly intensified the fires and substantially increased the scope of their damage. Nail polish contains nitrocellulose, as it is inexpensive, dries quickly to a hard film, and does not damage skin. Collodion, a solution of nitrocellulose, is used today in topical skin applications, such as liquid skin and in the application of salicylic acid, the active ingredient in Compound W wart remover. In 1832 Henri Braconnot discovered that nitric acid, when combined with starch or wood fibers, would produce a lightweight combustible explosive material, which he named xyloïdine. If yours is one such table, you should be able to feel whether your fingers are touching cool, hard stone or dense wood. Guncotton was originally made from cotton (as the source of cellulose) but contemporary methods use highly processed cellulose from wood pulp.

He reached for the nearest cloth, a cotton apron, and wiped it up. Basically, "fabric" used for this is made of quarried slate, that is covered with cloth, usually of tightly-woven worsted wool, and surrounded by vulcanized rubber cushions. To start the trick, yank the handkerchief from your pocket, concealing the knot in your closed hand and letting the unknotted length of the hankie hang below. Repeat this exercise until you can reliably distinguish between a binding and a non-binding pin with very little lifting. Now re-apply torque and set the first binding pin. As you progress, you should know the state of the lock at all times: which pins are set, which aren't, which one is binding. Nitrocellulose is widely used as support in diagnostic tests where antigen-antibody binding occurs; e.g., pregnancy tests, U-albumin tests, and CRP tests. The overarching consequence is that the nitrocellulose is soluble in organic solvents such as acetone and esters; e.g., ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, ethyl carbonate.

Radon tests for alpha track etches use nitrocellulose. As I've written about elsewhere, I rarely use draw strokes, because I use a different technique instead. Carom games such as straight-rail, three-cushion, balkline, and five pins make use of only three balls: a red object ball, one solid white cue ball for player one, and another cue ball that is white with a dot on it, or yellow, for player two. Billiards, on the other hand, uses only three balls: one each of white, yellow, and red, with the white and yellow serving as strikers. The glucose repeat unit (anhydroglucose) within the cellulose chain has three OH groups, each of which can form a nitrate ester. Nitrocellulose was used as the first flexible film base, beginning with Eastman Kodak products in August 1889. Camphor is used as a plasticizer for nitrocellulose film, often called nitrate film. Because of their fluffy and nearly white appearance, nitrocellulose products are often referred to as cottons, e.g. lacquer cotton, celluloid cotton, and gun cotton. Further research indicated the importance of washing the acidified cotton.

The cotton was then slowly dried at a temperature below 40 °C (104 °F). Nitration can be controlled by adjusting acid concentrations and reaction temperature. The yields are about 85%, with losses attributed to complete oxidation of the cellulose to oxalic acid. The quality of the cellulose is important. In 1855, the first human-made plastic, nitrocellulose (branded Parkesine, patented in 1862), was created by Alexander Parkes from cellulose treated with nitric acid and a solvent. In 1868, American inventor John Wesley Hyatt developed a plastic material he named Celluloid, improving on Parkes' invention by plasticizing the nitrocellulose with camphor so that it could be processed into a photographic film. This was used commercially as "celluloid", a highly flammable plastic that until the mid-20th century formed the basis for lacquers and photographic film. The principal uses of cellulose nitrate is for the production of lacquers and coatings, explosives, and celluloid. Disastrous fires related to celluloid or "nitrate film" became regular occurrences in the motion picture industry throughout the silent era and for many years after the arrival of sound film. The explosive applications are diverse and nitrate content is typically higher for propellant applications than for coatings. It is normally the first coat applied, then it is sanded and followed by other coatings that bond to it.

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