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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties can produce different flavors. Learn about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor profile and are often added to coffee blends to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans comprise 75% of the global production. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in different flavors. The flavor and aroma of coffee can be affected by the conditions in the conditions in which it grows and the methods of processing used.

The word 'coffee' actually derives from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating fruit berries. The cultivation of coffee beans types (click to find out more) grew quickly across the globe.

Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is considered to be the most delicious type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, with a focus on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for different brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the flavour, aroma, body, and acidity of the coffee and is usually preferred to achieve a balanced and consistent taste that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted type of coffee bean in the world. They have more caffeine per bean and are more resistant against pests and diseases. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. However, these acids may cause oxidation during the coffee brewing process and may result in undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica and is able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is able to withstand higher temperatures and does well in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economically viable crop to cultivate.

While it may sound counterintuitive the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's a bit of robusta as well.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans in order to cut costs and preserve quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor you must select the highest quality beans from a reliable source. The best method to achieve this is to buy your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped, which makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are often added to other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They also have a much better resistance to disease than Arabica and Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. The seeds can be found online from many sources, but it is preferred to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants include fertile, deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH as well as adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally thought to be a separate species, but is now classified as a subspecies of Liberica. These coffee beans with an oval shape are grown on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at medium roast coffee beans altitudes. They have a unique taste that is both tart and fruity that has made them a popular selection in blends for house. They have a less pronounced aroma and higher caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta but they still have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as common as Arabica and Robusta even though they are the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified as an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the global production of coffee. These coffee beans have the shape of teardrops and possess a dark, mysterious taste. These beans are often used to give blends extra body and a tangy taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are known for having a sweeter taste. They thrive in tropical, warm environments and at high altitudes. They have a slight acidity. If properly brewed and roasted they may impart notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee around the world. It accounts for about 40% of all coffee bean suppliers consumed around the world. These beans are rounder and smaller, but contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

After learning about the four most commonly used types and their characteristics, it's time to pick your favorite drink. If you prefer a delicate and smooth flavor go for an arabica bean, or a blend consisting of robusta beans and arabica beans.