Simple' hypoperfusion may be only one piece in the puzzle of > 자유게시판

Simple' hypoperfusion may be only one piece in the puzzle of the complex pathophysiology of AKI. In fact, mounting evidence from animal models indicate that AKI may develop without renal ischemia in sepsis [25-27]. As a consequence, critical care physicians should be once more careful when extrapolating results obtained from animal models to the clinical situation of our patients. One might speculate that eventually we will need to differentiate 'high flow' from 'low flow' AKI and accordingly apply different treatment strategies in the future.Key messages ??AKI is frequent after cardiac arrest - approximately 50 of cardiac arrest patients may be affected. Development of AKI is associated with unfavorable neurological outcome and increased mortality in patients after cardiac arrest. Whereas a decline in serum creatinine levels in the first 24 hours may indicate favorable prognosis, constantly elevated or even further increased serum creatinine levels indicate an unfavorable outcome after cardiac arrest.?Authors' contributionsDH, CS, SvH and JCS PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15501003 designed and supervised the study from data acquisition to data analysis. AJ participated in the design of the study, revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Roxstr -Lindquist et al. BMC Genomics 2010, 11:258 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/11/RESEARCH ARTICLEResearch articleOpen AccessLarge genomic differences between the morphologically indistinguishable diplomonads Spironucleus barkhanus and Spironucleus salmonicidaKatarina Roxstr -Lindquist1, Jon Jerlstr -Hultqvist1, Anders J gensen2, Karin Troell1, Staffan G Sv d1 and Jan O Andersson*Abstract Background: Microbial eukaryotes show large variations in genome structure and content between lineages, indicating extensive flexibility over evolutionary timescales. Here we address the tempo and mode of such changes within diplomonads, flagellated protists with two nuclei found in oxygen-poor environments. Approximately 5,000 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences were generated from the fish commensal Spironucleus barkhanus and compared to sequences from the morphologically indistinguishable fish parasite Spironucleus salmonicida, and other diplomonads. The ESTs were complemented Nelfinavir (Mesylate) with sequence variation studies in selected genes and genome size determinations. Results: Many genes detected in S. barkhanus and S. salmonicida are absent in the human parasite Giardia intestinalis, the most intensively studied diplomonad. For example, these fish diplomonads show an extended metabolic repertoire and are able to incorporate selenocysteine into proteins. The codon usage is altered in S. barkhanus compared to S. salmonicida. Sequence variations were found between individual S. barkhanus ESTs for many, but not all, protein coding genes. Conversely, no allelic variation was found in a previous genome survey of S. salmonicida. This difference was confirmed by sequencing of genomic DNA. Up to five alleles were identified for the cloned S. barkhanus genes, and at least nineteen highly expressed S. barkhanus genes are represented by more than four alleles in the EST dataset. This could be explained by the presence of a non-clonal S. barkhanus population in the culture, by a ploidy above four, or by duplications of parts of the genome. Indeed, genome size estimations using flow cytometry indicated similar haploid genome sizes in S. sal.