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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a coffee lover, you likely already know that different varieties of beans produce varying flavor profiles. Learn about four of the most common varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, which are a variety of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and more tart flavor profile and are often used in blends of coffee beans uk to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most well-known coffee in the world with 75% of global coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are more mild and sweeter than Robusta, and they come in different flavors. The aroma and taste of a cup of coffee can differ in a wide range depending on the cultivation conditions and processing methods employed to make it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word meaning the berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow within bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were more energetic after eating the fruits, and the cultivation of coffee quickly was a global phenomenon.

Coffee beans can be grown at high altitudes, and they are able to thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is believed to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on sourcing their arabica beans ethically, by emphasizing fair wages for farmers as well as sustainable growing practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for various brewing methods. Blending gives you control over the flavour, aroma, body, and acidity of the coffee and is frequently preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular type of coffee bean grown in the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. However, these acids may cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant is more resilient than the arabica and may thrive in less favorable conditions. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cost-effective crop to grow.

While it may seem counterintuitive Robusta beans are typically blended with arabica beans to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags, it's possible that there is also some robusta.

While some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority of roasters use a mix of the two varieties to reduce costs and ensure the quality. To ensure the integrity of the flavor it is recommended to select a high quality bean from a trusted source. This can be accomplished by buying your beans directly from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football which is what makes them distinct from other coffee beans. They are characterized by a smell that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are paired with other coffee bean types to give them a deeper and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home cultivation. You can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is recommended to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure the highest quality. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee include fertile deep volcano soils with a pH that is moderately acidic and sufficient annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa that was once considered to be a separate species but is now classified as a variation of Liberica. These oval-shaped coffee beans grow on large coffee plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both tart and fruity that makes them a popular choice for blends in house. They are also less heavy on the aroma and caffeine compared to Arabica and Robusta and Robusta, yet they have a distinctive depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were considered to be distinct species of coffee until 2006 when they were classified as a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are grown in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans have the shape of a teardrop and possess a dark, eerie taste. They are typically utilized to give blends extra body and a rich tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are known for having the most delicious taste. They thrive best at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They are slightly acidic. If properly brewed and roasted, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee in the world and is responsible for around 40% of the coffee consumed worldwide. These beans are rounder and smaller, yet they contain more caffeine than Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two types and [empty] have an earthy, woody taste.

After you've learned about the four most popular varieties of brew, it's time to choose your favorite brew. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor go for an arabica bean or a blend made up of robusta beans and arabica beans.